Jade Culture
Jade culture is the essence of traditional Chinese culture, not only material but also spiritual level, in our country's politics, economy, culture, art, ideology, ethics, religion has played a special role.For example, in Chinese Confucianism, there is a saying that "a gentleman compares virtue with jade". Confucius advocated that jade has eleven virtues: benevolence, knowledge, righteousness, propriety, joy, loyalty, faithfulness, heaven, earth, virtue and Tao.In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen defined the five virtues as benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage and purity.Since then, the aesthetic exploration of jade has shown that jade is mild and round in appearance as well as firm and firm in nature, which is consistent with the moral pursuit of the gentleman.The prevailing concept of "the gentleman without reason, jade will not go" was strengthened by the consciousness of jade and virtue, and the grade of wearing jade ornaments became the mark of dividing aristocratic status and upbringing, and finally formed the jade seal to represent the state and the symbol of royal power.
China is a country that has an indissoluble bond with jade.For thousands of years, jade has been in a supreme position in the minds of Chinese people, accepted people's worship, and then became a kind of faith.Its long history, extensive and profound cultural connotation, like a tough, bright and continuous extension of the jade belt, has been inlaid in the five thousand years of Chinese civilization history, has become an indispensable or important content of Chinese civilization.
No matter from the historical point of view, or from the reality and even the trend of development, Chinese jade culture should be the quintessence of the quintessence of China.This is based on its in the Stone Age and its starting point - in short, the so-called jade culture, are discovered and relying on external and internal quality by jade people aesthetic instinct to play first and then to carve, make its gradually formed with various aesthetic sense of the jade, of course, this period of the jade, jade art can name it as original.
With the development of The Times and the emergence of jade varieties in various regions, the carving methods of jade also changed with people's in-depth understanding of jade and gradually divided into three jade culture plates as summarized by Mr. Yang Boda:
1. The Dongyi-Yu culture plate was mainly based on hunting economy and planting, dating back 10,000 to 5,000 years ago.
2. Huaiyi jade culture plate, the era of farming and hunting, 5,300 years ago.
3. Dongyue jade culture plate, the era of agriculture, 5500-4300 years ago.
It is because there are three jade culture plates and five cultural sub-plates, which hold up the dawn of the glorious Chinese civilization and gradually sublimate it into a unique cultural phenomenon and connotation.This cultural phenomenon, since its emergence, has been the cornerstone and core content of Chinese sinology culture.Then qualified, more weight and Central America, New Zealand three pillars, become one of the world's three major jade cultural centers.
The so-called "people-oriented jade" originated in the Song Dynasty and prevailed in the Qing Dynasty.This is the historical change of jade from the display of aristocratic status to commercial operation.The commercialization of jade culture indicates the beginning of the material and spiritual needs of people's livelihood. Then, the content of jade culture will also change accordingly, and its form and craft will tend to be practical, vivid and gorgeous.However, in order to meet the needs of the market, jade culture, namely the production of jade, still maintains the two categories of archaized artifacts and time-made artifacts.From the point of view of the existing object, or in the antique appliance has a good taste of art value, such as: the northern song dynasty sapphire hollow-out fold the flowers, the southern song dynasty jade jade beast grain You bowl, the southern song dynasty, the southern song dynasty, white moon paperweight, yuan jade sash ring, jade fish act the role ofing, Ming dynasty jade guanyin stand, Ming dynasty white fish wek-jin, Ming sapphire bamboo ewer, hotan jade cabbage roses, qing qing hetian jade ship, etc.
With the recent rise of the art market, the deduction of jade culture will enter a new historical period of ancient jade culture and blending into the needs of modern people and making use of modern craft means to adapt to the needs of others from all walks of life.It can be predicted that the future will be the glorious process of the traditional jade culture constantly releasing new aesthetic connotation and value orientation.